ECO

DONE BY: Aisha,Sayidah,Khairiyah,Sindhu What is menstruation? Question 2:** State the hormones involved in menstruation and where they are produced. You can present your answer in any appropriate manner you seem fit.
 * Question 1: **
 * It is the first sign of puberty which is usally the monthly discharge of blood or menses from the uterus via the vagina.
 * **hormones** || **where they are produced** ||
 * **follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)** || **pituitary gland** ||
 * **oestrogen** || **follicles, ovary** ||
 * **progesterone** || **corpus luteum** ||
 * **luteinising hormone(LH)** || **pituitary gland** ||

Explain the stages on the menstrual cycle. Include the timeline and hormones involves where necessary. Explain each stage in detail. You can present your answer in any appropriate manner you.
 * Question 3:**

> > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > **__Day 6 to Day 10 > Follicle stage__**
 * __Day 1 to Day 5__**
 * menstrual flow
 * pituitary gland secretes Follicle Stimulating Hormones(FSH)
 * One follicle will mature to become graffian follicle.
 * FSH stimulates ovaries to release oestrogen
 * Oestrogen causes the growth and repair of the uterine lining.
 * Uterine lining becomes thick and spongy with blood vessel
 * Inhibits FSH production when oestrogen is in high concentration to prevent multiple follicle to mature to graafian follicle.
 * stimulates pituitary gland to secrete leutenising hormones (LH)


 * __Day 11 to Day 17 (fertile period)__**
 * On day 14, LH causes ovulation.
 * the LH will also cause the formation of the corpus luteum.
 * the corpus luteum will then secrete progesterone and some oestrogen
 * the progestrone will help to maintain the thickness of the uterine lining that are supplied with blood capillaries (preparing for fertilised egg)

__**Day 17 to Day 28**__
 * Progesterone will inhibits ovulation.
 * It also inhibits FSH production.
 * On the 28 day, when there is no fertilization takes place, the corpus luteum will break down.
 * when this happens, the secrete of oestrogen and progesterone will stop and the uterine lining will break down.
 * Menstruation will start all over again.

GROUP MEMBERS : Sheng You, Lam Wei Quan
 * Assignment 1: **

1. What is DNA? ANSWER: It is Deoxyribonucleic Acid, it is a molecule found in the nucleus of cells that carries genetic information.

2. How is DNA organized inside the cells? It consists of 2 parallel strands, the both strands will coil around each other to form a double helix. The DNA will coil round the protein to form chromatin threads, and when chromatin threads are coiled even more tightly , it form chromosomes.

3. What is gene? It is a small segment of DNA that contains information to make a single protein.

4. What is the basic unit of DNA and what is it made up of? Nucleotide. It consists of a nitrogen-containing base, a phosphate group and a sugar called deoxyribose.

5. State the rules of base pairing. Adenine must pair with Thymine Guanine must pair with Cytosine.

Assignment 2:

1. Explain the process of transcription.
 * DNA must be unzipped to expose the template DNA strand.
 * the message on the template DNA strand will be copied onto mRNA[messenger Ribonucleic Acid].
 * The mRNA will then detach itself from the DNA template, and carries the message out of the nucleus throught the nuclear pore.
 * The Dna will convert itself back to double helix structure.

2. Explain the process of translation
 * A ribosome will go convert the message in the mRNA into a protein molecule.

Ecology Work[Lam Wei Quan, Seah Sheng You]

1. What is ecology? It is the study of organisms continually interacting with one another and also the surroundings. 2. What is a habitat? A place where an organism lives. 3. What is a population? A group of the same species living in the same habitat. 4. What is a community? It consists of all the populations of organisms living and interacting in a particular habitat. 5. What is an ecosystem? Living organisms interacting with both the biotic and abiotic enviroment. 6.what is a biotic enviroment? It conprises all the living organisms that an organism interacts with in its habitat. 7. Explain how organisms affect other organisms? Organisms are interdependant.they all depend on each other. examples are food chains.