Group+10

Khairiyah,Zhahirin
 * Assignment 1: **

1. What is DNA?
 * deoxyribonucleic acid
 * it is molecule that carries genetic information which found in nucleus of cells.
 * it is for activity and functions.

2. How is DNA organized inside the cells?
 * each DNA consists of 2 parallel strands twisted around each other
 * the 2 strands are twisted around each other to form a double helix
 * The molecule of DNA is wrapped around proteins o form a single chromatin thread.

3. What is gene?
 * It is a small segment of DNA that contains information (instruction) to make a single protein, which determines a particular characteristics of an organism.

4. What is the basic unit of DNA and what is it made up of?
 * nucleotide
 * 1) a sugar called deoxyribose.
 * 2) a phosphate group.
 * 3) a nitrogen-containing base.

5. State the rules of base pairing.
 * Adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T)
 * Cytosine (C) always pairs with Guanine (G)
 * (A) and (T) are complementary bases
 * (C) and (G) are complementary bases
 * Assignment 2:**

1. Explain the process of transcription.

It is when the message in the template has to be copied into a RNA molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA)

2. Explain the process of translation.

The mRNA detached itself from DNA template and carries the message out of nucleus into cytoplasm. The DNA molecule revert back into its double helix structure. A ribosome helps to convert(translate) the message in the mRNA into a protein molecule.

Assignment 1:

1. Define genes It is a unit of inheritence. 2. Define alleles it is different forms of the same gene. 3. Define chromosomes It is a rod-like structure visible in the nuceus during cell division. 4. Define homologous chromosomes
 * exist in pairs.one chromosome in the pair comes from the male parent and one from the female parent.


 * are similar in shape and size (with the exception of the sex chromosomes)


 * have exactly the same order or sequence of gene loci.The alleles in those gene loci may not be the same.

5. Define heterozygous chromosome It is is when a pair of alleles is different to a trait.

6. Define phenotype The term phenotype refers to a trait which can be seen.